J . Virol . Bujard and Ben Berkhout Koen Verhoef , Giuseppe Marzio , Wolfgang Hillen , Hermann Switch : Tet for Tat Virus Type 1 Replication by a Genetic Strict Control of Human Immunodeficiency

Strict control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by a genetic switch: Tet for Tat.

Live-attenuated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants have shown great promise as AIDS vaccines, but continued replication can lead to the selection of faster-replicating variants that are pathogenic. We therefore designed HIV-1 genomes that replicate exclusively upon addition of the nontoxic effector doxycycline (dox). This was achieved by replacement of the viral TAR-Tat system...

Conditional virus replication as an approach to a safe live attenuated human immunodeficiency virus vaccine.

Despite intensive efforts, no safe and effective vaccine has been developed for the prophylaxis of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Studies with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/macaque model demonstrated that live attenuated viruses are the most effective vaccines tested thus far. However, due to ongoing low-level replication of the attenuated ...

Evolution of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Long Terminal Repeat Promoter by Conversion of an NF-kB Enhancer Element into a GABP Binding Site

Destabilization of the TAR hairpin affects the structure and function of the HIV-1 leader RNA

The TAR hairpin of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA genome is essential for virus replication. TAR forms the binding site for the transcriptional trans-activator protein Tat and multiple additional TAR functions have been proposed. We previously constructed an HIV-1 variant in which the TAR-Tat transcription control mechanism is replaced by the components of the Tet-ON regula...

Virol . Nancy Beerens , Bep Klaver and Ben Berkhout Genome onto the Human Immunodeficiency Virus PrimerLys 3 Correct Placement of the tRNA A Structured RNA Motif Is